Glossary



A
 * **Affordance -** //things that let us or provide us the opportunity to do something//
 * **Arbitrary Symbols** - //aspects of representation that must be learned, because the representation have no perceptual//
 *  //** AppleSauce - ** //a popular saying used to convey happiness or success. Usually said following a great success or positive situation. Synonyms include "sick!", "awesome!" and "dirty" and lets not forget "Shake N' Bake".
 * ** A **** vatar - //it is a// **//concept of avatar includes (1) a virtual object used to represent a participant or physical object in a virtual world; and (2) the object embodied by a participant.//

B
 * ====**Brightness** - //the perceived amount of light coming from a source; usually used to refer to things that are self-luminous//====
 * as

C
 * ====**Cornsweet Effect** - //describes optical illusion where two areas of the same lightness can look different if an edge that shades off gradually to both sides is placed between the two; our visual system is much more sensitive when its comes to sharp changes in intensity over gradual changes//====
 * ** Computer Visualization (CV) - //any// ** //technology integrating electronic digital device in the production or dissemination of visual content. CV in the narrow and broad sense does not refer to the technologies of CV themselves, but to how we look at, theorize and analyze these technologies. This can include web content (web pages, blogs, forums, etc.), software (Flash, Google earth, Excel), video games,// etc.
 * ** Cartography- ** is the study and practice of making geographical maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that we can model reality in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.
 * ** CGI (Computer-generated imagery) ** -  the application of the field of computer graphics, such as 3D computer graphics to special effects in films, television also include pre-rendered "cut scenes" and intro movies that would be typical CGI applications. It is used for visual effects.

D
 * ** Data visualization - ** //is the study of the visual representation of data, defined as information which has been abstracted in some schematic form, including attributes or variables for the units of information.//
 * //**Dualistic -**  machine and human working together. //
 * //** Destination - ** //(according to Shannon / Weaver)**:** gets the message.
 * ** Depth Cueing ** - lowering of intensity as objects move away from the viewpoint.

E F
 * ** Entropy - ** the second law of thermodynamics; systems not at rest tend to become less organized over time. Entropy tends to increase over time. Measure of uncertainty when dealing with a random variable. Example: A coin flip (1:2 chance) has less entropy than rolling dice (1:6 chance)
 * ** Electronic mail: ** often abbreviated as e-mail, or E-Mail is any method of creating, transmitting, or storing primarily text-based human communications with digital communications systems. Today nearly and form of media (Video and Audio) can be sent throught E-mail. E-mail was quickly extended to become //network e-mail//, allowing users to pass messages between different computers.
 * ** Focal depth: ** lets us differentiate between foreground and background. Focal depth can be stimulated by blurring objects in the background, also establishes the macrolevel distance; the fact that blurring technique allows us to NOT focus on the details of environment or objects that are not of importance

G
 * ====**Gamut-** //Set of all colors that can be produced by a device or sensed by a receptor.//====

H
 * **Hertz -** The basic unit of frequency. 1Hz = 1 cycle per second.
 * **Hyper-reality -** Characterizes the way consciousness defines what is actually "real" in a world where a multitude of media can radically shape and filter the original event or experience being depicted.

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J

K
 * ** Kinaesthetic ** - The feeling of motion. Associating with sensations originating in the muscles, tendons and joints

L
 * **Letter** **Acuity** - //ability to resolve letters//
 * **Lightness** //-// //the perceived reflectance of a surface (eg. white surface=light, black surface=dark)//
 * **Luminance // - the measured amount of light coming from a region of space; can be physically measured in units such as candelas/square meter; not a perceptual quantity //**
 * **Lighting -** Lighting creates a real-world environment by means of rendering the different grades of darkness and brightness of an object's appearance to make the object look solid.

M
 * **Motion parallax-** in 3D space, nearby objects move rapidly while closer to the visual horizon move more slowly. It is a depth cue that also allows the perspective image to change according to the observer's position.
 * <span style="color: #2341a4; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">** Memory- ** A chain of remembered routes, places, and directions.

N
 * <span style="color: #2341a4; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">**New media-** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt;">interactive, peered and networked <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt;"> discussion forums, blogs, YouTube, wikis, games many-to-many communication

O
 * ** Occlusion ** - The effect of one object in 3-D space blocking another object from view.

P
 * **Perception** - //process of cre// //ating "interpret// //ation" of sens// //ations//
 * **Point Acuity** - //ability to resolve two distinct point targets//
 * ====**Pseudocoloring -** //Technique to represent values in maps with a sequence of colors//====
 * **Projection -** The process of reducing three dimensions to two dimensions for display is called Projection. It is the mapping of the visible part of a three dimensional object onto a two dimension screen.

Q

R
 * <span style="color: #b21061; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">** Ratio - **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">the last and fourth quality attribute after Nominal, Ordinal, and Interval. With a ratio scale we have the full expressive power of the real number.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">**Rendering -** The process of creating life-like images on a screen using mathematical models and formulas to add shading, color, and lamination to a 2D or 3D wireframe.

S >
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">**Semiotics** - //the study of symbols and how they convey meaning//
 * **Sensation** - //excit// //ation of sensory receptors//
 * **Sensory Symbols** - //symbols and aspects of visualization that derive their expressive power from their ability to use the perception processing power of the brain without learning//
 * **Stereo** **Acuity** - //ability to resolve objects in depth.//
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">** Sound Wave: ** //The Simplest sound wave is a pure tone. When reading a sound it is important to consider its height (amplitude) and the distance between peaks (period). The height (amplitude) of a wave measures the loudness of the sound, while the time between peaks (period) measures the wave frequency/pitch .//

T Trichromacy Theory: Rods and Cones , · 3 types of cones responsible for color (sensation and) perception
 * <span style="color: #b21061; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">** Transmitter - ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Codes the message. It is an electronic device which, usually with the aid of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications.

U

V
 * ** Vernier ** **Acuity -** //ability to see if two lines are colline// //ar//
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">**Visual Languages**- //language that uses symbols or diagrams to interpret cretin meanings or messages. Ex, cave painting, diagrams, and mathematical equations//
 * **Visualiz** **ation** - //the use of computer-supported, interactive visu// //al representation of dat// //a to amplify cognition" C// //arl, Mackinl// //ay Shneiderman//
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;">constructing a visual image in the mind, has more recently been defined as "a graphical representation of data or concepts" (Ware, p.2) //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;">provides an ability to comprehend huge amounts of data and also allows the perception of emerging properties that were not anticipated (Ware,2) //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif;">Facilitates understanding with both large and small scale features of the data //
 * //<span style="font-family: Verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal;">For Visualization Stages, refer to page 4 in the textbook //

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